Perceived Predation Risk Reduces the number of Offspring Songbirds Produce per Year.

Abstract: Predator effects on prey demography have traditionally been ascribed solely to direct killing in studies of population ecology and wildlife management. Predators also affect the prey’s perception of predation risk, but this has not been thought to meaningfully affect prey demography. We isolated the effects of perceived predation risk in a free-living population of

Research on Song Sparrows. Melospiza melodia on Brackman Island

Dr. Liana Zanette, Associate Professor in the Dept. of Biology , University of Western Ontario has done research on “Perceived Predation Risk Reduces the Number of Offspring Songbirds Produce per Year”. Her website for Zanette Lab carries the most recent research article and has links to excellent images of Song sparrows and their predators,  and