Stability, resilience, and phase shifts in rocky subtidal communities along the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada

Ecological Monographs, 81(2), 2011, pp. 215–239    2011 by the Ecological Society of America See complete pdf file:Watson&Estes 2011 Abstract. We used the extirpation, reintroduction, and spread of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) along the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, to evaluate how the otter–urchin– algae trophic cascade creates variation in rocky reef community structure